Emmas Critical Transitions Difficulties †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Talk about the Emma's Critical Transitions Difficulties. Answer: The life of Emma Gee changed when she turned into a stroke casualty at 24 years old and her youth enchanting life was changed to dependant on clinical frameworks for the fundamentals, for example, development ,and other life exercises this what lead to the presentation of NBNC model which was to help her in her everyday exercises. Spotlights on Emma's basic advances The troubles which Emma created which made it hard for her to complete her everyday exercises, for example, strolling. She created dysarthria or dysphasia. She likewise created mental trouble because of her long remain in clinic which was a sickening encounter. After the basic progress concentrated on the three central matters which were talked about above on account of Emmas life .the principle intention was to address the accompanying: The difficulties which Emma encounters in her everyday exercises because of ADLs post strokes. The state of dysarthria which Emma created which brought about shortages in her discourse. The psychological and enthusiastic injury which Emma experienced through because of the stroke. Improvements in the consideration getting ready for Emma bolstered the utilization of SOAP structure as to concoct a medicinal services arranging which was to guarantee that Emma was not encountering a wide scope of difficulties. The itemized SBNC plan was created with respect to the three basic changes which Emma was experiencing through, the nitty gritty plans were as per the following; Troubles which were related with ADLs post strokes, for example, gulping, the shortfall in discourse, the shortage in tactile parity and left side loss of motion were seen as the fundamental driver of the difficulties which Emma was confronting. Because of the shortfall of discourse Emma thought that it was hard to pass on essential needs. The deficiency of discourse. The specialist who manages dysphasia had prescribed her to a correspondence board in order to let her point to any photos however because of the state of ataxia which she had created, it was hard for her also to point the photos. Emmas mental misery which she created while she was remaining in the emergency clinic. Target of information ADLs all the shortages which such portability deficiencies, discourse shortfalls and twofold incontinence where all found after the clinical assessment which Emma experienced after the stroke. Discourse challenges were because of conditions, for example, dysarthria and ataxia which she created. Mental misery; There was no clinical finding which was to demonstrate that there was a psychological and enthusiastic pain which happened after Emmas annihilating stroke. Appraisal 1 ADLs issue; there was a requirement for offering quick help to Emmas state of ADLs in order to empower Emma to have the option to do her everyday exercises. Discourse in troubles because of the improvement of the state of dysphoria to Emma requiring uncommon ways and modes which was to empower her to speak with every one of the individuals who were close to her and furthermore to empower her to pass on about her needs. Mental pain .instruments which are utilized in an evaluationt5he level of misery which Emma endured after the stroke. The degree of injury was surveyed in order to stop further pain which Emma would experience the ill effects of. The multi-proficient coordinated effort was important to recognize the flexibility qualities and abilities of Emma and the level help which Emma may require that was the main path through which the ADLs were to be tended to. It was critical through which to take the input of Emma on the inclination on the gear which she would lean toward utilizing before they are bought. The earth which encompasses Emma was to be changed by her inclinations and furthermore the gear which she was to utilize to maintain a strategic distance from further wounds and entanglements. Emma was to be educated non-verbal methods by the SBNC plan in light of the fact that the correspondence board didn't show her any type of correspondence which was to help her to impart, the nonverbal strategies which she was to be prepared incorporated the utilization of signals and contact to bodies which are close to her. It was uncovered that the biomedical model of care was carefully followed in Emma to evade other natural sicknesses however the model didn't concentrate on the quality of patients during the consideration because of that the centeredness of the patient was absent since there were no inputs which were concerning the model. Emma was progressively happy with the consideration which was given by the SBNC model on the grounds that the model concentrated primarily on the components which were identifying with the prosperity of the patients. References: Alway, D., 2016. Stroke Essentials for Primary Care: A Practical Guide. first ed. Chicago: Springer Science Business Media. Barnett, A. H., 2014. Diabetes: Best Practice Research Compendium. second ed. London: Elsevier Health Sciences. Congress, 2011. Congressional Record, V. 150, PT. 9, June 2, 2004, to June 16, 2004. third ed. New York: Government Printing Office. Harvey, R. L., 2016. Stroke Recovery and Rehabilitation. fourth ed. Berlin: Demos Medical Publishing, Rymer, M. M., 2015. The Stroke Center Handbook: Organizing Care for Better Outcomes, Second Edition. second ed. London: CRC Press. Smith, G. W., 2013. Care of the Patient with a Stroke: A Handbook for the Patients Family and the Nurse. delineated, modified ed. Texas: Springer.

Lieutenant General James Gavin in World War II

Lieutenant General James Gavin in World War II James Maurice Gavin was conceived March 22, 1907, in Brooklyn, NY as James Nally Ryan. The child of Katherine and Thomas Ryan, he was set in the Convent of Mercy halfway house at age two. After a concise remain, he was embraced by Martin and Mary Gavin from Mount Carmel, PA. A coal digger, Martin scarcely earned enough to make a decent living and James went to work at age twelve to support the family. Wishing to maintain a strategic distance from a real existence as an excavator, Gavin fled to New York in March 1924. Reaching the Gavins to illuminate them that he was sheltered, he started searching for work in the city. Enrolled Career Late that month, Gavin met with a selection representative from the US Army. Underage, Gavin couldn't enroll without parental assent. Realizing this would not be expected, he told the spotter he was a vagrant. Officially entering the military on April 1, 1924, Gavin was doled out to Panama where he would get his fundamental preparing in his unit. Presented on the US Coastal Artillery at Fort Sherman, Gavin was an enthusiastic peruser and a model fighter. Supported by his first sergeant to go to a military school in Belize, Gavin got remarkable evaluations and was chosen to test for West Point. Ascending in the Ranks Entering West Point in the fall of 1925, Gavin found that he came up short on the essential training of a large portion of his friends. To redress, he rose early every morning and concentrated to make up the inadequacy. Graduating in 1929, he was appointed as a subsequent lieutenant and presented on Camp Harry J. Jones in Arizona. Ending up being a talented official, Gavin was chosen to go to the Infantry School at Fort Benning, GA. There he prepared under the direction of Colonels George C. Marshall and Joseph Stillwell. Key among the exercises he realized there was not to provide since quite a while ago composed requests but instead to give subordinates rules to execute as the circumstance justified. Attempting to build up his own style of order, Gavin was cheerful in the schools instructive condition. Graduating, he wished to maintain a strategic distance from a preparation task and was sent to the 28th 29th Infantry at Fort Sill, OK in 1933. Proceeding with his examinations all alone, he was especially keen on crafted by British World War I veteran Major General J.F.C. Fuller.â After three years, in 1936, Gavin was sent to the Philippines. During his visit in the islands, he turned out to be progressively worried about the US Armys capacity to withstand Japanese animosity in the locale and remarked on his mens poor gear. Returning in 1938, he was elevated to skipper and traveled through a few peacetime assignments before being presented on educate at West Point. In this job, he considered the early crusades of World War II, most prominently the German Blitzkrieg. He additionally turned out to be progressively keen on airborne tasks, trusting them to be the influx of things to come. Following up on this, he chipped in for the Airborne in May 1941. A New Style of War Moving on from the Airborne School in August 1941, Gavin was sent to an exploratory unit before being provided order of C Company, 503rd Parachute Infantry Battalion. In this job, Gavins companions persuaded Major General William C. Lee, administrator of the school, to permit the youthful official to build up the strategies of airborne fighting. Lee concurred and made Gavin his Operations and Training Officer. This was joined by an advancement to significant that October. Considering different countries airborne activities and including his own musings, Gavin before long created FM 31-30: Tactics and Technique of Air-Borne Troops. World War II Following the assault on Pearl Harbor and US passage into the contention, Gavin was sent through the dense course at the Command and General Staff College. Coming back to the Provisional Airborne Group, he was before long dispatched to help in changing over the 82nd Infantry Division into the US Armys first airborne power. In August 1942, he was provided order of the 505th Parachute Infantry Regiment and elevated to colonel. A hands-on official, Gavin by and by supervised the preparation of his men and persevered through similar hardships. Chosen to participate in the attack of Sicily, the 82nd delivered out for North Africa in April 1943. Dropping with his men the evening of July 9/10, Gavin got himself 30 miles from his drop zone because of high breezes and pilot blunder. Getting together components of his order, he abandoned rest for 60 hours and made a fruitful remain on Biazza Ridge against German powers. For his activity, the 82nds authority, ​​Major General Matthew Ridgway, suggested him for the Distinguished Service Cross. With the island made sure about, Gavins regiment helped in holding the Allied border at Salerno that September. Continually ready to battle alongside his men, Gavin got known as the Jumping General and for his trademark M1 Garand. The next month, Gavin was elevated to brigadier general and made associate division authority. In this job, he supported in arranging the airborne part of Operation Overlord. Again hopping with his men, he arrived in France on June 6, 1944, close St. Mã ©re Église. Throughout the following 33 days, he considered activity to be the division battled for the extensions over the Merderet River. In the wake of the D-Day tasks, the Allied airborne divisions were revamped into the First Allied Airborne Army. In this new association, Ridgway was provided order of the XVIII Airborne Corps, while Gavin was elevated to order the 82nd. That September, Gavins division partook in Operation Market-Garden. Arriving close to Nijmegen, Netherlands, they held onto connects in that town and Grave. Throughout the battling, he managed a land and/or water capable ambush to make sure about the Nijmegen connect. Elevated to significant general, Gavin turned into the most youthful man to hold that position and order a division during the war. That December, Gavin was in transitory order of the XVIII Airborne Corps during the initial days of the Battle of the Bulge. Hurrying the 82nd and 101st Airborne Divisions to the front, he conveyed the previous in the Staveloet-St. Vith remarkable and the last at Bastogne. Upon Ridgways come back from England, Gavin came back to the 82nd and drove the division through the wars last months. Later Career An adversary of isolation in the US Army, Gavin administered the combination of the all-dark 555th Parachute Infantry Battalion into the 82nd after the war. He stayed with the division until March 1948. Traveling through a few elevated level postings, he filled in as right hand head of staff for activities and Chief of Research and Development with the position of lieutenant general. In these positions, he added to the conversations which prompted the Pentomic Division just as upheld for a solid military power that was adjusted to portable fighting. This rangers idea at last prompted the Howze Board and impacted the US Armys advancement of helicopter-borne powers. While agreeable on the war zone, Gavin despised the governmental issues of Washington and was condemning of his previous administrator now president-Dwight D. Eisenhower, who wished to downsize traditional powers for atomic weapons. He in like manner butted heads with the Joint Chiefs of Staff in regards to their job in coordinating activities. Despite the fact that endorsed for advancement to General with the task to order the Seventh Army in Europe, Gavin resigned in 1958 expressing, I wont bargain my standards, and I wont oblige the Pentagon framework. Taking a situation with the counseling firm Arthur D. Little, Inc., Gavin stayed in the private part until filling in as President John F. Kennedys represetative to France from 1961-1962. Sent to Vietnam in 1967, he returned accepting the war to be a slip-up that diverted the US from the Cold War with the Soviet Union. Resigning in 1977, Gavin passed on February 23, 1990, and was covered at West Point. Chosen Sources Dad History: James Gavin New York Times: James Gavin Obituary World War II Database: James Gavin

Being qualified for MIT

Being “qualified” for MIT On Thursday, I sat in front of a camera for an hour (along with admissions director McGreggor Crowley) and answered questions from international students. Near the end, someone asked: Can you give an example of something international students have done in the past to make them qualified for MIT? My mind went blank. Qualified? What a strange word. I thought of job applications. Explain how you are qualified for this position. List your skills for us. How many programming languages do you know? I thought of food stamps, financial aid, sports tournaments. Numbers, income, scores. Cutoffs, requirements, eligibility. I thought of math competition trophies and science olympiad medals, none of which I have or have ever had. I thought about how the MIT application was nothing like a job application. Tell us about something you do for fun. McGreggor and I responded the same way we responded to all the questions about minimum SAT scores and minimum GPA and what constitutes a good extracurricular activity: that the only official qualification for coming here is a certain level of English profiency, and thats only because all classes are administered in English. There are no minimums, because, ironically, the institute of numbers-loving folk recognize that numbers dont tell the whole story. I said, in effect, there theres no such thing as being qualified to come here. Id like to take that back, because of what happened on Friday. I had an icky week. I had four exams in four days, one of which didnt go well at all. On Thursday night, after my last exam was over, I stayed up until a totally unreasonable hour doing my 8.03 pset, which I forgot to turn in until I was almost back in my room. That meant I had to double back, at around 4pm on Friday, and make the trek to the third floor of the physics department, which was precisely the opposite of what I was in the mood to do. I dont need to tell you that everything seems worse when youre exhausted trivial issues are crises and anything short of success dooms you to eternal failure. Needless to say, I wanted some company for de-stressing purposes. I turned the corner towards the literature department (hoping to find my lit professor) and came face-to-face with Davie 12, a French House friend. He waved. I waved. He said that I looked tired. I think that I nodded. He gave me a hug. I got in the elevator, and as the doors slid shut and the lights started blinking 234, I realized that I wasnt really composed enough to hold a conversation with my professor and sent the elevator back to 1. When the doors opened, I rushed out, hoping that Davie would still be around he was, and this is why friends are wonderful. He could tell I was upset about something, and what it was didnt matter in the slightest. Davie: I have half an hour before German class; we can do whatever youd like. Me: Lets go for a walk. Its nice out. Davie: Okay. Feel free to either talk about it, or just be silent. Either is fine. Me: *silent* *ten minutes later* Davie: Do you want to be distracted? Me: YES. Davie: Lets find horse chestnuts. Theyre fun to open. We didnt find any something else had gotten to them first (squirrels? stressed MIT students? stressed squirrels?) since empty shells and their contents lay scattered on the grass. Instead, we did a little climbing and sat on some branches, while Davie told me about the genetics of trees. Trees are fascinating, he said, because theyre mostly unrelated to each other; theyre genetically closer to flowers or fruit or other predecessors. When evolution rolls on for long enough, all kinds of plants seem to adopt tree form. I talked about how, back in London, my friends and I used to hide in trees and alarm passers-by by bursting into song; Davie said that he used to do the same. At 4:10, Davie was back in German class, and I, feeling much better, went to the library to check my e-mail. First item in my inbox: Anna, I am really in German class now, but I thought you might benefit from a friendly null-email of good wishes. Consider this so. :-) Davie The following evening, a group of us were cooking fried rice when Davie got back from a run. He handed me a complete horse chestnut, and showed me how to open it. As I came to understand the satisfaction of peeling open a horse chestnut, I also came to understand that this was what made Davie qualified to come to MIT. Sure, hes a beast, academically and otherwise. Hes written a zillion articles for nature newsletters, and goes running all the time (I dont think he actually walks anywhere.) But the point is that he sent off a quick reassuring e-mail during class; that he used his nature know-how to distract a friend; that he stopped during his run to pick up a horse chestnut from the ground. I take back my answer to that international student. Sorry. There is a way to be qualified to come here, and thats by being thoughtful: by applying whatever talents and quirky interests you have to helping other people. It can be as trivial as cheering up a bummed friend, or  helping a frustrated underclassman with a pset at 3am. Actually, Id modify that can be to a should be, because Id argue that those trivial things are the most telling; they are what you do without promise of recognition, when you dont stand to win awards for Character or Leadership that you get to put on your transcript. Im not an admissions officer, but I have faith that theres a way to find that attitude in an application, whether its through teacher recommendations or essays or interviews, and that it holds more value than a medal. I also believe that its difficult to fake. Maybe. I hope so, anyway, because MIT would be a sorry place if its students were unwilling to pause for horse chestnuts. Thanks, Davie!

Descriptive Writing Summer Rituals by Ray Bradbury

One of Americas most popular writers of science fiction and fantasy, Ray Bradbury entertained readers for more than 70 years. Many of his novels and stories—including Fahrenheit 451, The Martian Chronicles, Dandelion Wine, and Something Wicked This Way Comes—have been adapted into feature-length films. In this passage from Dandelion Wine (1957), a semi-autobiographical novel set in the summer of 1928, a young boy describes the family ritual of gathering on the porch after supper—a practice so good, so easy and so reassuring that it could never be done away with. Summer Rituals from Dandelion Wine* by Ray Bradbury About seven o’clock you could hear the chairs scraping back from the tables, someone experimenting with a yellow-toothed piano if you stood outside the dining-room window and listened. Matches being struck, the first dishes bubbling in the suds and tinkling on the wall racks, somewhere, faintly, a phonograph playing. And then as the evening changed the hour, at house after house on the twilight streets, under the immense oaks and elms, on shady porches, people would begin to appear, like those figures who tell good or bad weather in rain-or-shine clocks. Uncle Bert, perhaps Grandfather, then Father, and some of the cousins; the men all coming out first into the syrupy evening, blowing smoke, leaving the women’s voices behind in the cooling-warm kitchen to set their universe aright. Then the first male voices under the porch brim, the feet up, the boys fringed on the worn steps or wooden rails where sometime during the evening something, a boy or a geranium pot, would fall off. At last, like ghosts hovering momentarily behind the door screen, Grandma, Great-grandma, and Mother would appear, and the men would shift, move, and offer seats. The women carried varieties of fans with them, folded newspapers, bamboo whisks, or perfumed kerchiefs, to start the air moving about their faces as they talked. What they talked of all evening long, no one remembered next day. It wasn’t important to anyone what the adults talked about; it was only important that the sounds came and went over the delicate ferns that bordered the porch on three sides; it was only important that the darkness filled the town like black water being poured over the houses, and that the cigars glowed and that the conversations went on, and on... Sitting on the summer-night porch was so good, so easy and so reassuring that it could never be done away with. These were rituals that were right and lasting: the lighting of pipes, the pale hands that moved knitting needles in the dimness, the eating of foil-wrapped, chill Eskimo Pies, the coming and going of all the people. * Ray Bradburys novel Dandelion Wine was originally published by Bantam Books in 1957. It is currently available in the U.S. in a hardcover edition published by William Morrow (1999), and in the U.K. in a paperback edition published by HarperVoyager (2008).

Online Social Networking Service Created By Paul Budnitz...

Ello is an online social networking service created in 2014 by Paul Budnitz and Todd Berger. This website was created as an ad-free replacement for the existing social media networks such as Facebook and Pinterest. Ello’s manifesto as mentioned on its website is that â€Å"we believe in beauty, simplicity, and transparency. We believe that the people who make things and the people who use them should be in partnership.† Ello is designed by creators, for creators. It is not a service to sell or buy products via advertisements. Ello is a website that allows its users to be spread their art and their creativity to make a living. Ello has formed a Public Benefit Corporation (PBC) in which the charter states that Ello would never make money from†¦show more content†¦This missing feature should have been added when they got feedback from users while the product was in production’ however it was not taken care of; which made it one of the reasons behind the pro ducts failure in the market. In today’s generation, the one thing a new upcoming company or business should remember is that mobile phones are becoming a daily driver for most of the consumer. Thus, creating an app would make the company more profitable in the market. Not having a mobile app is a major downside since most people use social media on their phone while commuting somewhere or when they wake up in the morning. No one would want to turn on their laptop and scroll through. It would just make it a big hassle for people. If you want to be successful in today’s market you have to be different than what your competition is using or you won’t survive. In a world of quick technology advancement being ad-free doesn t cut it, you need to be different. Competing to Facebook and Pinterest, social media websites that have already established in the market, it would be hard for a startup with a similar idea to get to that level. Most people are already comfortable with and trust the existing a nd well-known companies rather than someone new and upcoming that isn’t popular. In order to make this product successful the first thing to change would be to make the service be public for all of its users. It should not be an invite only social media

Cyber Ethics Rules for Using the Web Essay - 1123 Words

Cyber Ethics: Rules for Using the Web We all have heard of ethics. According to Websters II New College Dictionary (1995), ethics is the rules or standards governing the conduct of a person or the members of a profession. As Winn Schwartau (2001) stated ethics is also about understanding how your actions will affect other people. Cyber-ethics is the ethical decisions we make when using the Internet. We are tasked to use the Internet on a daily basis and we task students to use the Internet regularly, but to use it properly we must adhere to ethics. Ethics is not a law but your moral code. We must know how to avoid plagiarism, know the acceptable use of the Internet, and we must be familiar with Censorship in order to know what moral†¦show more content†¦We must teach children how to use the Internet the right way. Much of what we know is learned, and the same goes for using the web. Accoring to Radnofsky and Vuko (2004) we can do these things to educate kids on cyber crimes: Educate yourself about the dangers (identity theft, illegal purchases, hacking, cyberstalkers, scam artists, phishers, viruses, worms...) because ignoring these computer crimes unfortunately wont make them go away. Learn the cyber vocabulary. There are new words out there, meaningful to your children. Make sure you understand the lingo. Talk with your kids about cyberprivacy safety --- personal, family, emotional, physical. Talk about ethics morality with the family. Establish an agreement as to what all of you believe, (make sure its legal!), and stick to it. Question your childrens schools and teachers as to what --- if anything --- they are doing in cyberethics. This has national standards that are required to be taught, just like standards in reading and math. The Socrates Institute has designed The CyberEthics Project, a comprehensive K-12 curriculum in cyberethics, for schools to use across the country. It helps to increase the students awareness of the consequences, safety, legal and ethical use regarding the Internet and other forms of electronicShow MoreRelated Cyber Ethics Essay example1082 Words   |  5 Pages Cyber Ethics: Rules for Using the Web We all have heard of ethics. According to Webster’s II New College Dictionary (1995), ethics is the rules or standards governing the conduct of a person or the members of a profession. As Winn Schwartau (2001) stated â€Å"ethics is also about understanding how your actions will affect other people†. Cyber-ethics is the ethical decisions we make when using the Internet. We are tasked to use the Internet on a daily basis and we task students to use the Internet regularlyRead MoreCyber Ethics Should Be Addressed Sooner915 Words   |  4 Pagesnetwork. With nearly over forty-five percent of the world population using the Internet, a staggering 3,424,971,237 individuals connecting with each other in some web platform, it is not hard to see immoral and un-ethical acts taking place (Internet Users, 2016). As these numbers continue to grow, and the access to the Internet becomes easier, the practice of proper Internet usage is constantly jeopardized. Until recently, cyber ethics has not gotten the attention it deserves, with the acts on-lineRead MoreInformation Systems : Computer Ethics1525 Words   |  7 Pages601 INFORMATION SYSTEMS COMPUTER ETHICS Submitted by Lakshmi Gajjarapu Student id: 665584 Global Id: gajja1l Email:gajja1l@cmich.edu INTRODUCTION: As the use of Computers have increased now-a-days with improvements in the technology which brings both advantages and disadvantages. Advantages comes with technological developments and disadvantages are like frauds happening using technology. 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Ethical guidelines ensure proper appropriate use of technology that does not violat e school rules or laws put in place by the federal and state governments. There are several reasons why internet security is vital to the classroom. The most important reason is to maintain a fully functional operational system free of problems like slow runningRead More Exploring Online Communities Essay1505 Words   |  7 Pagesbelong to multiple communities, some of them transcending the limitations of location, time and space. As a result, new kinds of communities have emerged. Cyber communities have expanded the parameters of what we call communities and that process demands a new look, or a definition of electronic communities, most particularly educational cyber communities. Mercer (2000) gives all communities, virtual or face to face (F2F), the following attributes: 1) they share a body of experience or a commonRead MoreElectronic Communication Privacy Act ( Eassy )1354 Words   |  6 Pageslaw has not changed, but the technology dramatically. ( US public-private partnership for cyber-security , 2010). The government has privilege to get electronic data without needing a warrant. Some sort of movement launched against it to bring a small variation, but the debate is still going on. Cyber intelligence sharing and protection act †¢ This law states how companies exchange information of cyber threats with the higher authorities. Experts say there is no need to share private information

Clarity free essay sample

Question: Evaluate a significant experience, achievement, risk you have taken, or ethical dilemma you have faced and its impact on you. My fingertips brushed softly against the rustic railings of Trinity College; I could almost feel the knowledge seeping through the bars as I was reminded of a James Joyce story, Dubliners. Yet, above me the sun beat down intently, almost blinding my senses into a vague, foggy, perception of my surroundings. I looked left†¦ then right†¦ but only to find myself perplexed by the unfamiliarity of a foreign city; Dublin, Ireland. At this moment in time, my friend Molly and I had just diverted from our peers and teacher, Mr. Galligan, who had accompanied us on the Europe Trip 2011. We had been sent off in groups to explore Dublin for four hours, and to immerse ourselves into the culture, whether it was through sightseeing or eating at an Irish cafe. We will write a custom essay sample on Clarity or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page However, embarking upon this journey, I soon realized that the various streets of Dublin had become an enigma beyond my comprehension. Each street mimicked the other, and the only landmark I could recall was the large railings that encompassed Trinity College. Our stomachs grumbled and gurgled ferociously as they longed for some morsel of food to fulfill our hunger craving. Yet, our quest for an Irish restaurant was deterred, as we were grappled by disorientation. Determined as I was, I soon traced every street in the central area of Dublin, and examined the stores and streets signs as I scoured the area. Then, to my amazement, the area became accustomed to my senses, and clarity began to pervade my mind. Ah, blissful delight. I had become an expert at navigating myself around the streets of Dublin. Finally, Molly and I sat down at a small cafe to eat a traditional Irish wrap that I savored, for it was well earned. This moment in Dublin will always remind me that in times of confusion it is always possible to work relentlessly and gain a better understanding. As found in the streets of Dublin, being lost can actually create a sense of clarity, a lesson that infiltrates my everyday routine. Each day that I am confronted with an arduous task, feeling lost and confused, I remember that with practice and determination, anything is within reach. Whether it is struggling to decipher an AP calculus question in class, or attempting a rigorous routine in cheerleading, I have found that challenges can be conquered. This life lesson acquired in Dublin will continue to remind me to never give up on any occasion, especially when the odds of succeeding seem low. Life is not only about taking risks, but taking every opportunity presented to you, and working at it with perseverance. College is now that next challenge I am ready to confidently confront with ambition and the ability to triumph over any obstacle . James Joyce claimed that to love Dublin you have to leave it. However, I have learned that to love Dublin (and life) you simply need to navigate it. I feel that some of that knowledge gained in Dublin truly must have rubbed off on me, as my fingertips brushed softly against the rustic railings of Trinity College.

Social Program Beneficiaries in the US

Introduction A number of American citizens are of the opinion that the majority of social programs in the nation need to be discontinued. On the other hand, these programs have genuine beneficiaries whose lives will never be any easy or bearable if they are phased out. Examples of these programs include Social Security, Medicare, and Medicaid. The argument is that it is not justified to take the yields of some other individual’s toil to cover the costs of these programs.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Social Program Beneficiaries in the US specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is as well incorrect to compel citizens into an inexhaustible succession of reliance, which according to this group is the only outcome at the end of the day attained by these programs (Zeleny, 2009, p. 1). It is in addition divergent to the purpose of the United States government, as projected by the founding figures. The opponents s uggest phasing out times covering a length of time spanning from five years at the least and fifty years at most. Social Security This refers to the national Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance (OASDI) program. It is financed by way of devoted payroll levies referred to as Federal Insurance Contributions Act. It avails benefits to retired persons and those without employment, and another benefit when one passes away. The disabled are also covered by this act. Imbursements to present retired individuals are covered by a levy on present employees’ earnings, partly directly as a payroll levy and partly remunerated by the employing firm. States also are assigned funds to offer support to elderly persons and the disabled (Samuelson, 2005, p. 1). Medicare This is a societal assurance scheme run by the American government and it offers health care assurance coverage to persons above sixty five years of age, and those who conform to other exceptional standards. This schemeâ €™s coverage caters for eighty percent of any given medical care expenses with the rest twenty percent being catered for through other means which the patient will be responsible for. Generally, all people who have attained 65 years of age or above and have been official inhabitants of the United States for leastways 5 years are entitled to Medicare. Other beneficiaries in the nation are those with impairment, provided their circumstance(s) are innate or else everlasting, not considering age (Medicare.gov). This is as a result of the provision that such impaired persons are as well intrinsically warranted to Social Security Disability Insurance. Participation in this gives one the right Medicare coverage. Medicare also finances nationality education courses for the greater part of medical doctors in the United States.Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Medicaid This is the Unit ed States’ healthcare scheme for entitled persons and households with little earnings and resources. The program is in cooperation financed by the state and central administrations while management is carried out by the states. Amidst the groupings of individuals covered by this scheme include low-earning grown-ups together with their children, and individuals with given impairment. Medicaid offers the major fraction of central administration funds used up on health care for persons living with HIV/AIDS. Conclusion The above social programs are offering invaluable aid to their beneficiaries and need not to be done away with. This is for the simple fact that the intended beneficiaries have no other way(s) of catering for what these schemes make possible (Zeleny, 2009, p. 1). Efficiency of these programs should be ensured at all times while making sure that fraud is avoided at all costs. Reference List Medicare.gov – the Official U.S. Government Site for Medicare. Availa ble from https://www.medicare.gov/ Samuelson, R. (January 14, 2005). â€Å"It’s More Than Social Security (washingtonpost.com).† The Washington Post. Available from http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A8100-2005Jan13.html Retrieved Zeleny, J. (January 7, 2009). â€Å"Obama Promises Bid to Overhaul Retiree Spending.† The New York Times. Available from https://www.nytimes.com/2009/01/08/us/politics/08obama.html?_r=1ref=politic Retrieved This essay on Social Program Beneficiaries in the US was written and submitted by user Kayson Johnson to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Time as a Determinate of Final Product in a Dehydration Reaction essays

Time as a Determinate of Final Product in a Dehydration Reaction essays Time as a Determinate of Final Product in a Dehydration Reaction Robert Simack, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska. Abstract: This study involved acid dehydration of 2-methylcyclohexanol. The results varied depending on the time elapsed after initial reaction. I attempted to prove the Evelyn Effect, which stated that over a period of time the products of the aforementioned reaction will beobserved to change volume so that those products formed by a cis isomer of 2-methylcyclohexanol will form first. However, once all molecules in the cis isomer undergo reaction the remaining trans configured 2-methylcyclohexanols will proliferate during the latter period of the reaction. I also postulated as to the possible formulation of 1-ethylcyclopentene, and to the cause of such an event. Introduction: After researching acid-catalyzed dehydration reactions (McMurray) and background on the Evelyn Effect (Clausen) I hypothesize that the cis isomer of 2-methylcyclohexanol will react via an E1 type process forming 1-methylcyclohexene according to predictions from Zaitzevs rule (Lehman). This should be due to the fact that the cis isomer has 2 anti-coplanar hydrogens. These two hydrogens should make the molecule more reactive. The trans isomer, with only one anti-coplanar hydrogen, should be slower to react and will form a 3-methylcyclohexene. In addition the 1-ethylcyclopentene will be formed from both the cis and trans isomers but only if the hydroxyl group is in an equatorial position. In that position electrons from the ring may attack the alcohol directly from behind pushing it off the ring and forming a five-membered ring instead. Results ...

International Business Alliance (based on the Business Strategy Game) Essay

International Business Alliance (based on the Business Strategy Game) - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that management structure at both partners’ state will need specialized modification that will factor in the alliance management needs. Strengthening the management teams’ attention will require formulation of a collaboration committee in the initial stages of the alliance, bearing the management oversight mandate. The initial stage of carrying the appropriate alliance management design will, therefore, include the appointment of the alliance committee for further managerial design negotiations. A managerial design structure will be negotiated and agreed among the committee representatives. To ensure that the highest form of commitment and cooperation is obtained from both partner firms, the highest level of management and administration will be brought on board. Management design at the two firms will determine the final structure adopted by the alliance. The popularity of the alliance among the employees is very important in the creation of a solidly committed team in the implementation. In light of the importance of the management gesture, the involvement of the board of directors in the agreed structure will be necessitated. This structure will incorporate two board members, five senior managers including the finance managers and the elected committee representatives. Improvement will be the main focus of the alliance hence a proposal for appointment of the most versatile manager-leaders will be forwarded at first hand.

Compare airline and railway in China Case Study

Compare airline and railway in China - Case Study Example The following economic analysis of China Railway transport and Aircraft Industry provides a detailed comparison of the two sectors (Zhang and Anming, 130). These coverage of analyses logically vary from HSR to China Aircraft Industry, these tends to wrap the construction costs of transport projects, maintenance and operation costs of related transport services, direct user benefits mostly time and cost savings, and a limited externalities such as congestions, overcrowding, transport safety impacts and emissions (Chou, Jui-Sheng, and Changwan, 6954). Regarding High-Speed Train locally the benefits related to the use of HSR outlays the cost thus it’s more convenient in China (Cheng and Yung-Hsiang, 56). Compared with China Airline Industry the High-Speed Train is more beneficial to the domestic market as compared to the international market (Cheng and Yung-Hsiang, 56). However, internationally China Airline Industry is benefits outlay the costs of using High-Speed Train, which is not implemented in many countries. It measures the intensity of market access that the various industries have at a particular location. It is because firms currently interact not only with domestic firms who happen to be immediate competitors, but also to an increasing degree with firms in more and more isolated locations, the economic mass of a city is given by the sum of the extent of market size (Cheng and Yung-Hsiang, 56). Therefore, economic mass is the extent of overall market access, or the efficient economic size of town or city. High-Speed Rail in China has a huge domestic market as compared to the China Airline Industry (Campos, Javier, and Gines, 22). It is contributed, by the large, middle-class citizens in who use rail compared to the wealthy who uses airline transport. These are by principle measured in terms of jobs created for every location. In addition, these jobs are related to the overall economic output at every location though

Factors Causing Abusive Behaviour

Factors Causing Abusive Behaviour Discuss the pathways that lead to a child becoming an abuser Introduction Abuse can take many forms, including physical, sexual, psychological or financial[1]. It can also be verbal and emotional[2]. There are frequently difficulties associated with defining abuse[3], which exists within social, cultural and legal parameters; for example using physical chastisement with children in some cultures is considered to be the norm[4]. In the UK, while the use of implements to hit children has been made illegal[5], the debate about smacking continues; it is still permissible to use ‘reasonable chastisement’[6], although there has been criticism of this from such agencies as the National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children (NSPCC) who assert that any form of physical punishment should be outlawed. Physical abuse is more comprehensively defined as: †¦hitting, shaking, throwing, poisoning, burning, scalding, drowning, suffocating or otherwise causing physical harm†¦(p. 533)[7] The definition of sexual abuse varies according to the nature of the victim (for example in relation to child sexual abuse); however a broad definition is that it involves the misuse of power, which might be combined with the use of force, to gain sexual gratification from a vulnerable person[8] Psychological and emotional abuse have some similarities, however psychological abuse is distinguishable from emotional abuse in that it results in some form of cognitive or mental impairment[9] whereas emotional abuse is, arguably, more difficult to quantify as there is a degree of subjectivity involved; however it has been described as the use of one or more of the following behaviours: humiliation, harassment, verbal abuse, demonstrating jealous and possessive behaviour, using threats, abandonment, destruction or removal of items that are important to the recipient, using controlling behaviour (for example within a relationship) and undermining someone with a view to lowering their self- esteem[10] Financial abuse is defined as: The intentional or opportunistic appropriation of the income, capital or property of a vulnerable person through theft, fraud, deception, undue influence or exploitation†¦ (p. 17).[11] Verbal abuse is frequently a component of other types of abuse; for example psychological and emotional abuse is likely to involve verbal abuse, which essentially, is the use of language which is disrespectful and hurtful to the recipient[12]. A complex form of abuse arises from Munchausen syndrome by Proxy[13]. This involves a parent or care- giver (most frequently the mother) giving an often plausible impression to health practitioners that a child is ill, by falsifying symptoms, providing false specimens, administering substances which affect the child’s health, or by inflicting wounds or interfering with existing injuries. Quite often the mother has some health care experience so is equipped with the knowledge to inform her actions, and is also able to feign concern while at the same time giving the impression of being pleasant and cooperative. Inevitably the child is likely to suffer unnecessary distress, pain and discomfort and as such the effect of this syndrome is considered to be a form of child abuse, involving as it does physical, psychological and emotional harm. Health professionals may unwittingly be complicit in the abuse by conducting investigations and invasive procedures which can cause further dis tress[14]. The mother is motivated by her own psychological needs for attention and a sense of worth. The reasons why somebody should develop this syndrome are not clear, and various theories of causation have been put forward, such as personality disorder, depressive illness, emotional disturbance and substance abuse[15]. Some sources report that the mother herself may have been abused as a child[16]. If this is the case then this could be one explanation for why a child becomes an abuser. There are various manifestations of abuse within the context of this question. Some children demonstrate abusive behaviour while still in their childhood[17]; a notorious and extreme example of this is the murder of two- year old James Bulger by two ten year old boys in 1993[18]. Other children go on to display abusive behaviour during their adolescence[19],[20],[21] while in other people, abusive behaviour does not emerge until adulthood despite it being possible to trace influential factors back to their childhood[22] The abused who becomes the abuser It is a widely held assumption that people who become abusers, were abused themselves and indeed there is evidence to support this contention[23],[24] . Children who grow up within an abusive environment are three times more likely to become abusers, however it also important to acknowledge that not all children who have been abused go on to become abusers[25]. It would appear that it is more likely for abused children to become abusers if they grow up within an environment where multifactorial influences are present such as a family history of violence, sexual abuse by a female, maternal neglect and lack of supervision[26],[27] . It is important to gain an understanding of why children who have been abused might themselves become abusers, as these factors can be addressed as part of a preventative strategy (breaking the cycle of abuse). Firstly there is evidence that there may be intergenerational transmission of parenting style, whether good or bad; the child simply goes on to prac tice what they have absorbed as a child, some of which might be on an unconscious level[28] . It is also possible that the person is left with feelings of rage, anger and resentment from having been abused and the disempowering effect that this has had on them. They might go on to project these feelings onto a more vulnerable person than they such as a child; using them to vent their feelings manifested as a form of abuse. The person who was abused as a child might feel angry if they are unable to punish or hurt the perpetrator of their abuse and instead might turn on a substitute who becomes the object of their frustrations[29],[30]. They might even use the victim of their abuse as a means of offloading the residual emotions they have as a result of their own experiences of abuse. Ward and Siegert’s pathways model[31] reflects the terminology within the title and offers some explanations for the reasons that people go on to commit sexual abuse, specifically. There are five pathways within this model: intimacy and social skills deficits; deviant sexual scripts; emotional dysregulation; anti- social cognitions and multiple dysfunctional mechanisms. These are relevant to the question because the origin of sexually abusive behaviour is linked to early life experiences within at least three of these pathways; it is the manifestation of the behaviours that varies. Intimacy and social skills deficits are associated with childhood experiences of abuse and neglect and insecure attachment relationships with adults. .Elsewhere attachment deficit has been cited as a cause of violent behaviour in adulthood towards a partner, which is associated with fear of abandonment[32]. The deviant sexual scripts pathway is explained by the experience of childhood sexual abuse; the individual’s ‘sexual script’ reflecting their past experience. Multiple dysfunctional mechanisms are said to develop from childhood experiences of sexual victimisation or early exposure to sexual behaviour and/ or material. The value of this model has been identified as offering a framework for appropriate treatment for sex offenders, as the underlying reason for the behaviour can be identified and addressed[33]. Psychosocial factors Psychosocial factors such as parental loss due to death, separation or divorce have been linked with children becoming abusers[34]; however the likelihood of this occurring is increased if there are multiple factors involved, as indicated on p. 4, para. 1. It is also possible that the child who has not been directly abused themselves, but has witnessed violence at close quarters, for example their mother being abused by their father, learns that violence is an appropriate behaviour in relation to the resolution of conflict[35]. However it could be argued that exposing children to such behaviour in itself constitutes a form of abuse, as it is distressing and can have long- term psychological effects. In relation to exposure to violence, there is a body of evidence to link the relationship between playing violent video games, and watching violent films, with an increase in aggressive behaviour[36],[37] . A link was made between the killing of James Bulger (referred to above on p. 3, pa ra. 2) and the influence of video violence, although there were also several other proposed causes for the incident[38]. There are also links made between socioeconomic factors and the incidence of abuse[39],[40], however once again there are likely to be other, interrelated contributory factors, such as unemployment and alcohol or drug abuse. Conclusion An extensive review of the literature yields a compelling argument that many abusers were themselves abused as children. However it is also clear that not all children who have been abused become abusers themselves. There are gaps in the literature in relation to examining the reasons why some individuals and not others, are able to turn away from the effects of abuse. It would appear that the reasons why a child becomes an abuser are complex and multifactorial; it has been suggested at several points in this essay that the effects of one single causative factor can be strengthened by the presence of other negative factors. In summary, the factors that might cause a child to become an abuser include: being the victim of abuse, be it physical, sexual, emotional or a combination of one or more types; being exposed to violent behaviour (for example between parents); exposure to materials that depict violence, such as magazines, films and video games; emotional deprivation leading to att achment deficit; loss of a parent; exposure to sexually explicit materials and/ or behaviour; neglect; the abuse of alcohol and/ or drugs within the home; poverty and a lack of (non- abusive) discipline and guidance. References Abuse definitions and symptoms. Verbal Abuse. http://www.nemasys.com/ghostwolf/Resources/abusedef.shtml 2004 Accessed: 1st February 2007. Adshead G and Brooke D (eds.) Munchausen’s syndrome by proxy: current issues in assessment, treatment and research. Imperial College Press 2001. Bagley C. Child Abusers: Research and Treatment. Universal Publishers. 2003. p.2 bbc.co.uk. 1993: Two boys charged with toddlers murder. http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/february/20/newsid_2552000/2552185.stm. Accessed: 1st February 2007. bbc.co.uk. New smacking law comes into force. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/4175905.stm 2005. Accessed: 1st February 2007. Boyles S. Do Sexually Abused Kids Become Abusers? WebMD. http://www.webmd.com/content/article/60/67158.htm 2003 Accessed: 31 January 2007. Brogden M and Nijhar P Crime, Abuse and the Elderly. Willan Publishing. 2000. p. 44 Brown S. Treating Sex Offenders: an introduction to sex offender treatment programmes. Willan Publishing. 2005. p. 93. Cannon M. Invited commentaries on: Cycle of child sexual abuse: links between being a victim and becoming a perpetrator. The British Journal of Psychiatry 179 2001 pp. 495-496 Cardwell M and Flanagan C Psychology A2. Nelson Thornes. 2003. p. 53 Catherall D. The Handbook of Stress, Trauma, and the Family. Routledge. 2004. p. 385. Cohle S and Byard R. Sudden Death in Infancy, Childhood and Adolescence. Cambridge University Press. 2004. p.138 Duncan K. Healing From The Trauma Of Childhood Sexual Abuse: the journey for women. Praeger/Greenwood 2004. p. 205. Elliot J and Place M. Children in Difficulty: A Guide to Understanding and Helping. Routledge 2004. pp. 110-111 Erooga M. Children and Young People Who Sexually Abuse Others: challenges and responses. Routledge 1999. Flowers R Domestic Crimes, Family Violence and Child Abuse: A Study of Contemporary American SocietyMcFarland Company. 2000. p. 14. Goodwin J. Munchausen’s Syndrome as a dissociative disorder. https://scholarsbank.uoregon.edu/dspace/bitstream/1794/1331/1/Diss_1_1_6_OCR.pdf Accessed: 2nd February 2007 Greer S. Territorial Politics and Health Policy: UK Health Policy in Comparative Perspective. Manchester University Press. 2005. p.59 Hagell A Jeyarajah-Dent R Children Who Commit Acts of Serious Interpersonal Violence: Messages for Practice. Jessica Kinglsey publishers. 2006. p. 75. Hill M and Lockyer A. Youth Justice and Child Protection. Jessica Kingsley Publishers. 2006. p.124. Hines D and Malley- Morrison K. Family Violence in a Cultural Perspective. Sage Publications. 2004. pp. 4, 49. Horton I and Feltham C. The Sage Handbook of Counselling And Psychotherapy. Sage Publicaiotns 2006. p. 464. Itzin C. Home truths about child sexual abuse: a reader. Routledge 2000. p.222. Kandel Englander, E. Understanding violence. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. 2002. p.11 Knauer S. Recovering from Sexual Abuse, Addictions, and Compulsive Behaviors: Numb Survivors. Haworth Press. 2002. pp. 146-7 Krahe B. The Social Psychology of Aggression. Psychology Press (UK). 2001. p. 161. Marshall W, O’Reilly G, Carr A and Beckett R. Handbook of Clinical Intervention with Young People Who Sexually Abuse. Psychology Press. 2004. pp. 47-50 Macleod-Brudene I. Advanced Early Years Care and Education: For Levels 4 and 5. Harcourt Heinemann. 2004. p. 397 McAuley C, Pecora P and Rose W. Enhancing the Well Being of Children And Families Through Effective Interventions. Jessica Kingsley Publishers 2006. p. 144. Mukherji P. Understanding Childrens Challenging Behaviour. Nelson Thornes 2001. p. 58. National Audit Office. protecting and promoting the financial affairs of people who lose mental capacity. The Stationery Office. 2005. p. 17. Plat- Jones J. Domestic violence: the role of health professionals. Nursing Standard. 21(14-15-16) 2006pp. 44-48 Reference.com. James Bulger. http://www.reference.com/browse/wiki/James_Bulger. Accessed: 1st February 2007 Sigelman C and Rider E. Life- span Human Development. Thomson Wadsworth. 2005. p. 449 Skuse D and Bouvier P. Risk of sexually abused children becoming adult abusers lower than once thought. The Lancet February 2003. Stosny S. Treating Attachment Abuse: A Compassionate ApproachSpringer Publishing 1995. pp. 42-44. Tilley N. Handbook Of Crime Prevention And Community Safety. Willan Publishing. 2005. p. 533 Wilson R. Fabricated or induced illness in children. British Medical Journal. 323. 2001. pp. 296-297 Total word count (does not include footnotes) 2253 1 Footnotes [1]Brogden M and Nijhar P Crime, Abuse and the Elderly. Willan Publishing. 2000. p. 44 [2] Flowers R Domestic Crimes, Family Violence and Child Abuse: A Study of Contemporary American SocietyMcFarland Company. 2000. p. 14. [3],10Hines D and Malley- Morrison K. Family Violence in a Cultural Perspective. Sage Publications. 2004. pp. 4, 49 [4] Mukherji P. Understanding Childrens Challenging Behaviour. Nelson Thornes 2001. p. 58. [5] Macleod-Brudene I. Advanced Early Years Care and Education: For Levels 4 and 5. Harcourt Heinemann. 2004. p. 397. [6] bbc.co.uk. New smacking law comes into force. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/4175905.stm 2005. Accessed: 1st February 2007. [7] Tilley N. Handbook Of Crime Prevention And Community Safety. Willan Publishing. 2005. p. 533. [8] Horton I and Feltham C. The Sage Handbook of Counselling And Psychotherapy. Sage Publicaiotns 2006. p. 464. [9] Krahe B. The Social Psychology of Aggression. Psychology Press (UK). 2001. p. 161. [10] [11] National Audit Office. protecting and promoting the financial affairs of people who lose mental capacity. The Stationery Office. 2005. p. 17. [12] Abuse definitions and symptoms. Verbal Abuse. http://www.nemasys.com/ghostwolf/Resources/abusedef.shtml 2004 Accessed: 1st February 2007. [13] Adshead G and Brooke D (eds.) Munchausen’s syndrome by proxy: current issues in assessment , treatment and research. Imperial College Press 2001. [14] Wilson R. Fabricated or induced illness in children. British Medical Journal. 323. 2001. pp. 296-297. [15] Cohle S and Byard R. Sudden Death in Infancy, Childhood and Adolescence. Cambridge University Press. 2004. p.138 [16] Goodwin J. Munchausen’s Syndrome as a dissociative disorder. https://scholarsbank.uoregon.edu/dspace/bitstream/1794/1331/1/Diss_1_1_6_OCR.pdf Accessed: 2nd February 2007 [17] Erooga M. Children and Young People Who Sexually Abuse Others: challenges and responses. Routledge 1999. [18] bbc.co.uk. 1993: Two boys charged with toddlers murder. http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/february/20/newsid_2552000/2552185.stm. Accessed 1st February 2007. [19], 23Hagell A Jeyarajah-Dent R Children Who Commit Acts of Serious Interpersonal Violence: Messages for Practice. Jessica Kinglsey publishers. 2006. p. 75. [20] Elliot J and Place M. Children in Difficulty: A Guide to Understanding and Helping. Routledge 2004. pp. 110-111 [21] Itzin C. Home truths about child sexual abuse: a reader. Routledge 2000. p.222. [22] Bagley C. Child Abusers: Research and Treatment. Universal Publishers. 2003. p.2 [23] [24] McAuley C, Pecora P and Rose W. Enhancing the Well Being of Children And Families Through Effective Interventions. Jessica Kingsley Publishers 2006. p. 144. [25],26 Boyles S. Do Sexually Abused Kids Become Abusers? WebMD. http://www.webmd.com/content/article/60/67158.htm 2003. Accessed: 31 January 2007. [26] [27] Skuse D and Bouvier P. Risk of sexually abused children becoming adult abusers lower than once thought. The Lancet February 2003. [28] Sigelman C and Rider E. Life- span Human Development. Thomson Wadsworth. 2005. p. 449 [29] Duncan K. Healing From The Trauma Of Childhood Sexual Abuse: the journey for women. Praeger/Greenwood 2004. p. 205. [30] Knauer S. Recovering from Sexual Abuse, Addictions, and Compulsive Behaviours: Numb Survivors. Haworth Press. 2002. pp. 146-7 [31] Marshall W, O’Reilly G, Carr A and Beckett R. Handbook of Clinical Intervention with Young People Who Sexually Abuse. Psychology Press. 2004. pp. 47-50 [32] Stosny S. Treating Attachment Abuse: A Compassionate Approach. Springer Publishing 1995. pp. 42-44. [33] Brown S. Treating Sex Offenders: an introduction to sex offender treatment programmes. Willan Publishing. 2005. p. 93. [34] Cannon M. Invited commentaries on: Cycle of child sexual abuse: links between being a victim and becoming a perpetrator. The British Journal of Psychiatry 179 2001 pp. 495-496 [35] Plat- Jones J. Domestic violence: the role of health professionals. Nursing Standard. 21(14-15-16) 2006pp. 44-48 [36] Kandel Englander, E. Understanding violence. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. 2002. p.11 [37] Cardwell M and Flanagan C Psychology A2. Nelson Thornes. 2003. p. 53. [38] Reference.com. James Bulger. http://www.reference.com/browse/wiki/James_Bulger. Accessed: 1st February 2007. [39] Hill M and Lockyer A. Youth Justice and Child Protection. Jessica Kingsley Publishers. 2006. p.124. [40] Greer S. Territorial Politics and Health Policy: UK Health Policy in Comparative Perspective. Manchester University Press. 2005. p.59.

Alice Walker Essay -- essays research papers

Alice Walker   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Alice Walker is an African American essayist, novelist and poet. She is described as a â€Å"black feminist.†(Ten on Ten) Alice Walker tries to incorporate the concepts of her heritage that are absent into her essays; such things as how women should be independent and find their special talent or art to make their life better. Throughout Walker’s essay entitled â€Å"In Search of Our Mothers’ Gardens,† I determined there were three factors that aided Walker gain the concepts of her heritage which are through artistic ability, her foremothers and artistic models.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"In Search of Our Mothers’ Gardens† touches mainly upon family heritage and the way her heritage was created. In Atwan’s Ten on Ten, you will find the essay on the Mothers’ Gardens. On page 83 it states, â€Å"For they were going nowhere immediate, and the future was not yet within their grasp.† This quote signifies how mothers and grandmothers would always be set serving the men in their lives; for their entire lives, however, there was a different future, a plan that they didn’t see yet. This plan was for them to identify their artistic ability, whether if it was through singing, writing or making quilts.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Throughout the essay, â€Å"In Search of Our Mothers’ Gardens,†Alice Walker’s mentions her foremothers. Women like Jean Toomer, Phillis Wheatley and Zora Neale Hurtson, who were all either poets or writers. Mike Fike has also reco...

The Role of Mass Media in the World of Politics

The mass media plays a very important role in everyday life. It is often the only form of education which is available to some, and as such has a very powerful influence over people†s beliefs and opinions. This influence is never more evident than when analysing the relationship between the media and politics. Politics can justifiably be described as THE main determining factor in our lives, the major influence over many facets of day to day living, such as finances, healthcare and employment. The media is the major source of information about political affairs, and as such has control over what we actually know about the political system and what we may never find out. As a result of this, it becomes inevitable that the media has a certain ‘hold† over the political arena. The media can judge, approve and criticise. It can make or break political careers, even parties, and the information which the media provides helps the public to form attitudes, responses and opinions towards political events and actors. Thus it becomes very important for the political parties to keep the media ‘on-side†. It is obvious that the media does have some impact on politics, but the main question should be to what extent, how does it manifest itself and why should we care anyway? For the purpose of this essay the media will be described as the press, TV and radio. On the face of it the media is there simply to communicate, or act as a transmitter of information between the political world and the consumer. However, probably since the end of the second world war, it has become clear that the media can often have a hidden agenda when reporting politics. Indeed, one of the most contentious issues over the last few years, at least since I have been ‘consuming† media products, has been the debate over media ownership. This has been particularly evident in the press, the most notable case being the Rupert Murdoch 'empire† – News International. I will start off by discussing the case of the press, as I believe that this is traditionally where much of the impact on politics has occurred, although I will discuss later how this may be changing. One major area of concern about press reporting of politics is the apparent ‘dumbing down† of the coverage, even amongst the broadsheets, and the effect that this may have on politics. In 1993 Labour MP, and current Home Secretary, Jack Straw published a short research report into the press coverage of parliament, ( Negrine, 1998,p1). In doing the report he discovered how Parliamentary issues were now covered to a much lesser degree than in the past, going from between 400-800 lines per day in The Times in 1988, to fewer than 100 lines in 1992. This seemed to show that the broadsheets were following the tabloid example of dumbing down. This has led to the worry that the press is trivialising the political process in the UK. Politics is becoming increasingly personality led, rather than policy led. An event may have political significance or importance, but it will only really be seen as such if the press frames it in a way that makes it interesting and palatable to the reader. It therefore becomes a fact of political life that personalities are more interesting to the majority of the public than policies. This has inevitably led to a change in the political landscape, initiated and perpetuated by the media. There are now several key features to politics in the late twentieth century which were not there before. ‘Political marketing†, the use of ‘negative campaigning† and the introduction of spin doctors have all led to fear of an ‘Americanisation† of the political process. As well as the press, TV has played a major role in ushering in the age of the soundbite. The media has opened up a larger, more accessible audience to the politicians, which many of them find hard to resist. Institutions such as the House of Commons are becoming less and less a way of relaying policy issues and raising concerns, as the political arena is increasingly acted out in the media. Which publicity seeking politician, trying to gain support for their party, would choose the Commons over a highly publicised TV programme such as Question Time, or a high circulation newspaper such as The Sun. There has also been a decline in local party politics, as political communication has become more and more a national rather than local event. The American way of leader based, rather than party based politics has become a reality. This has been evident in the way that Tony Blair has become a media star, never more so than when his wife recently became pregnant. The celebrity image of the Prime Minister has also led to accusations that he lacks real political substance. Some would say another example of the ‘trivialising† of politics has been the introduction of TV cameras into the House of Commons. When it was first proposed in 1966 it was heavily defeated on the grounds that TV cameras would ruin the unique and intimate atmosphere of the house. In 1989 the house first appeared on television. Strict guidelines were issued over what could be shown, including the use of head and shoulder shots only and the banning of reaction shots. There was great unease amongst the sitting MPs, including the then Prime Minister Mrs Thatcher, who said at the time: â€Å".. if you are not careful you can freeze with TV there†¦. it is going to be a different House of Commons, but that is that†, (Politics UK, 1991, p208). There was a gradual thawing of hostile opinion towards the TV cameras, with some exceptions. David Amess, MP, protested that the cameras had managed to, â€Å".. trivialise our proceedings and spoil that very special atmosphere that we had here†, ( Politics UK, p208). The main political parties now recognise the crucial role the media has to play in their success and have reacted accordingly. Political strategies now incorporate media strategies. They try to manipulate the media in order to create a favourable image of themselves. In order to achieve this we have seen the introduction of professional media managers. The media dominated world of politics now needs professional management. Peter Mandelson and Alistair Campbell are two such media experts. They have been partly responsible for transforming the Labour Party from being unelectable to gaining a runaway victory in the 1997 general election. Indeed it has been said that Tony Blair spends more time in meetings with his image and media advisors than he spends discussing policies with his cabinet, which may be a worrying trend for UK politics. There are several ways that these people can attempt to manipulate the media. One such way, many would say to the detriment of the democratic process, is the manufacture of debates which are stage managed to ensure a friendly audience and the communication of well rehearsed answers. There is also a great deal of emphasis placed on image management, and specifically the image of the party leader. This is very evident when looking at the current leaders of the two main parties in the UK today. Despite the best attempts of Conservative central office to jazz up the image of William Hague, he still retains the image of a dull, almost incompetent twit. On the other hand Tony Blair has the image of a dynamic, if slightly shallow, leader. This tends to ignore the fact that Hague is possibly a more intelligent and thoughtful politician than Blair. Another good example of this is the differences between Ronald Reagan and Michael Foot. Reagan was a remarkably unskilled politician, but, being a trained actor, he was very good at conveying what was essentially a simple message. Foot, on the other hand, was a very skilled politician and public speaker. However, his unkempt appearance was not at all media friendly, and after defeat in the 83 general election he was cast aside in favour of a more media friendly Neil Kinnock. Reagan had two successful terms as US President. Many fear that this indicates a move away from real political issues towards a fickle political world where image is everything and political substance nothing. It is clear that a personality clash or a sex scandal can now be more damaging to a political party than an actual policy disagreement. But should we be very concerned about this, and exactly how much of the shifting political tide is down to the media. Some observers point to the fact that plain, unassuming politicians such as John Major and George Bush have enjoyed immensely successful political careers. This may suggest that the public can only be fooled to a certain degree by slick media management, and may eventually get sick of being ‘force fed† so called perfect politicians, with little or no political ability.

African-American History and Women Timeline (1930-1939)